Health is
the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living organism. In humans,
it is the general condition of a person's mind and body, usually meaning
to be free from illness, injury or pain (as in "good
health" or "healthy"). The World Health
Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity." Although this definition has been
subject to controversy, in particular as lacking operational value and because
of the problem created by use of the word "complete," it remains the
most enduring. Other definitions have been proposed, among which a recent
definition that correlates health and personal satisfaction. Classification
systems such as the WHO Family of International Classifications, including
the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)
and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), are commonly
used to define and measure the components of health.
Systematic
activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans
are undertaken by health care providers. Applications with regard to animal
health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The term "healthy" is
also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and
their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of healthy
communities, healthy cities or healthy environments. In addition
to health care interventions and a person's surroundings, a number of other
factors are known to influence the health status of individuals, including
their background, lifestyle, and economic and social conditions; these are
referred to as "determinants of health."
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